DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS OVER TIME

ANCIENT INDIAN METALLURGY/ MATERIAL SCIENCE

The attributes of gold influenced the mind and heart of Indians 

The Rigveda refers to hiranya ( the oldest Sanskrit word for gold ), gold vessels, necklace, chariots decorated with gold , River Sindhu (Indus) containing gold, ayas -  copper or copper alloys – used to make Vajrayudha of Indra made by the process of sinchan (casting), karshnayas  -  iron.

Atharvaveda mentions of  rajata (silver), trapu (tin) and sisa (lead) have been mentioned. Kautalya  mentions of silver refining using Choolas.

The Mahabharata refers to  pipilika gold (powdery ants’ gold) -   Heaps were presented to Yudhishthira  during  rajasuya yagna.

Arthashastra of Kautilya, says about  gold refining  crucible steel- vratta –WOOTZ Steel(UTSA- characteristic of oozing out of low melting point liquid phase when heated to moderate temperatures . Sir Joseph BanksPresident of the Royal Society, London 1794)

Rasaratnasamuchchaya - three types of ferrous materials, viz, munda ( wrought iron ), tiksna ( crucible steel )  and kanta ( alloy steel ).

Special wrought iron- kanta used to make the  world famous Delhi Iron Pillar (hot forging of directly reduced sponge iron blocks )-  erected in Delhi in the 5th Century AD by King Chandra Varman  -not corroded till date.

Nagarjun’s Rasaratnakar (second Century AD) -the earliest documentary evidence for the cementation process for brass making and reduction-distillation process for zinc extraction - 12 Century industrial process for zinc extraction uncovered at Zawar near Udaipur

Manasollas, written in 1131 AD -information on fine quality metal image casting by madhuchchhishta vidhan (lost wax process) -  The famous bronze dancing girl from Mohanjodaro . 

Interesting Metal Facts

1. The word metal comes from the Greek word 'metallon,' which means quarry or to mine or excavate.
2. The most abundant metal in the universe is iron, followed by magnesium.
3. The composition of the Earth is not entirely known, but the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust is aluminum. However, the Earth's core likely consists mainly of iron.
4. Metals are primarily shiny, hard solids that are good conductors of heat and electricity.
5. About 75% of the chemical elements are metals. Of the 118 known elements, 91 are metals. Many of the others possess some of the characteristics of metals and are known as semimetals or metalloids.
6. Metals form positively charged ions called cations through loss of electrons. They react with most other elements, but especially nonmetals, such as oxygen and nitrogen.
7. The most commonly used metals are iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead. Metals are used for an enormous number of products and purposes. They are valued for their ability to strength, electrical and thermal properties, ease of bending and drawing into wire, wide availability, and participation in chemical reactions.
8. Although new metals are being produced and some metals were difficult to isolate in pure form, there were seven metals known to ancient man. These were gold, copper, silver, mercury, lead, tin, and iron.
9. The tallest free-standing structures in the world are made of metals, primarily the alloy steel. They include the Dubai skyscraper Burj Kalifa, the Tokyo television tower Skytree, and the Shaghai Tower skyscraper.
10. The only metal that is a liquid at ordinary room temperature and pressure is mercury. However, other metals melt close to room temperature. For example, you can melt the metal gallium in the palm of your hand.
11. Rhodium is the most expensive natural metal whose cost exceeds 175 thousand dollars. Platinum comes the second, and gold is the third.
12. Tungsten has the highest melting point, which explains why the metal is used as spiral in incandescent lamps.
13. The most expensive metal ever made by human is californium 252. The estimated price is 6 500 000 US $ for 1 gram. At the moment the mankind has in its disposal not more than 5 grams of this metal. This rare metal is produced in the powerful reactor whose capacity is limited to only 30 mg a year. Californium 252 is used in medicine in treatment of cancer; in industry for checking welded joints; in instrument engineering as indicator; scope of californium application also includes launching of reactors; it helps geologists to detect ground water flows, and so on and so forth.

KACWAC STUDENT PLACEMENT

Congratulations to Mr. Abin Babu, Mr. Albin Bose, Mr. Lijo Jose, Mr. Subin Babu, Mr. Anandhu Sasi, trained under KACWAC, for cracking the Interview at AUTOMOTIVE AXLES LIMITED, Mysuru, a US-based company under Meritor!!!

Metallurgy and Materials Engineer Career Opportunity

The metallurgical profession is extremely diverse, and it offers a wide variety of career opportunities for young people who have an interest in technology, science and engineering. Metallurgical engineers are employed in every industry and enterprise that produces, buys, sells refines or manufactures metals or metallic products. You have probably heard many times that modern societies cannot function without a plentiful supply of every conceivable type of metal and alloy and that people who are skilled in the use or production of metals and metallic materials of all kinds are highly valued. This is indeed true, and metallurgical engineers command good salaries, and young metallurgical graduates can expect to be able to choose from some exciting career alternatives.

Materials Science & Engineering is a very broad field. It has expanded from a metallurgical focus to encompass other fast-growing fields such as bio-materials and electronic materials. In the aerospace industry, which historically has provided much of the demand for materials engineers, continues to make strides in R&D - so that even in this classical industry, opportunities are evolving.You'll find major manufacturers of helicopters, jet engines, missiles and aerial drones, spacesuits and life support equipment systems for the space station. All these technologies depend on complex materials processing techniques and the ability to select appropriate materials for unconventional applications. For these, materials and mechanical engineers are sought - with a preference for materials engineers in processing and materials testing & characterization. Concentrations in metallurgy and composites are needed.

A lot of the demand is coming from the micro/opto-electronics industry (semiconductors, sensors, functional materials for electronic applications)

Engineering Materials News

Get Updated about the lastest news on Materials

http://www.materialsforengineering.co.uk/engineering-materials-news/

Why you must choose this Unique branch ?

Many of the students will be wondering what are the possibilities of Metallurgy.

Well !! Take a look .......

These are to name a few.

FACEBOOK PAGE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING,AJCE

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Graduates

Congratulations on your graduation and best wishes for your next adventure! (2014-2018 Batch )

Admissions Started

Amal Jyothi Engineering College (AJCE) is one of the best engineering colleges in Kerala.The college offers courses under B.Tech, M.Tech and MCA programs. The B.Tech program offers about nine courses with 780 seats, and M.Tech program offers eight courses with 180 seats. The MCA has about 180 seats with options of Regular, Lateral Entry and Integrated courses.
For admission into the engineering courses, the candidate must clear the concerned engineering exams (KEAM for B.Tech and GATE for M.Tech). Students who have cleared the entrance examination can register for the program, provided they have a minimum of 50% marks for the qualifying examination. NRI candidates should note that they should also clear the entrance examination for admission into the B.Tech program as well as submit relevant proof for their NRI status.

https://aesajce.in/btechadmission/